The Creek and Cherokee Native Indian tribes were the two who were settled in the area that is now Atlanta before the Federal Government shifted them to Oklahoma. Atlanta was known as terminus. The name was changed in 1843, to Marthasville after the then Mayor of Terminus, Wilson Lumpkins daughter, whose name was Martha. The city was again renamed to the current Atlanta two years later, by John E. Thompson, who was the Chief Engineer of Georgia Railroad. The city was founded in 1836 and established as a city in 1847. During the Civil War Atlanta was complete annihilated apart from the churches and hospitals which were spared due to a plea that was made by the Father of Immaculate Conception catholic Church, Thomas O'Reilly. The North gained in confidence when Atlanta fell and the repercussions were, Abraham Lincoln's re-elections and the Confederacy eventually surrendering. Atlanta soon rebuilt after the war and became the commercial and Industrial hub of the South. For twenty two years the United States Army soldiers stayed at Fort McPherson to make sure the reforms were kept in place. For a short period of time in 1868, Atlanta served as the state capital. The Great Depression nearly brought the city to bankruptcy, but luckily they were assisted by the Coca-Cola organization in the 30s and later the federal government came to the fold with helping the city in real estate. Atlanta was chosen by the IOC to be the host city for the Summer Olympics in 1996. Here are a few demographics on the city of Atlanta; living in the city are 83,232 families, 61.39% of the population are African American, 33.22% are White, 4.49% are Hispanic or Latino, 1.93% are of Asian origin, 0.18% are Native American and 0.04% Pacific Islander. The hotels in Atlanta rival the best in the World, accommodation is readily available and they guarantee relaxation and total satisfaction. Here are a few hotels, lodges and Inns you night want to choose from; Best Western Granada Suite Hotel, Courtyard by Marriott Buckhead, Crowne Plaza Buckhead, Days Inn Northwest, Embassy Suites Hotel Buckhead, Four Seasons Hotel, Grand Hyatt, JW Marriott Hotel Buckhead Lenox, Residence Inn Historic Midtown, Sheraton Buckhead Hotel and The Westin Buckhead. Atlanta is one of select cities in the United States to have four huge professional sports franchises based in the city; Atlanta Falcons (National Football League), Atlanta Hawks (National Basketball Association), Atlanta Thrashers (National Hockey League) and the Atlanta Braves (Major League Baseball). Atlanta also has a NASCAR race track, Atlanta Motor Speedway in Hampton.